What is the purpose of using a transformer in an AC electrical system?

Using a transformer in an AC electrical system serves the primary function of changing voltage levels. Transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage of alternating current. This ability to adjust voltage is crucial for efficient power distribution and transmission. For instance, high voltages are necessary for long-distance transmission to minimize energy losses in the conductors. Conversely, lower voltages are required for safe usage in residential and commercial applications.

Choosing the correct voltage level is vital for ensuring that electrical equipment operates as intended and prevents damage that could occur from inappropriate voltage levels. This makes the role of transformers fundamental in both power generation and distribution systems, where maintaining the appropriate voltage is essential for safety and efficiency.