What is the primary purpose of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

The primary purpose of a transformer in an electrical circuit is to transfer electrical energy between circuits. This device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to change the voltage level while maintaining power conservation. Essentially, a transformer consists of two or more coils of wire (primary and secondary windings) situated around a magnetic core. When alternating current passes through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding.

This functionality is crucial in electrical systems, as transformers can either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels to suit varying applications—such as transmitting power efficiently over long distances or supplying lower voltage power for household use. The ability to transfer energy effectively while modifying voltage makes transformers essential in managing electricity across various stages of a power distribution system.